VM의 Root Disk를 가지고 VM들을 만들면서,
기존의 Root Disk를 이용해서 새로운 VM을 만들경우,
eth0 이 아닌 eth1이 만들어진다. 그 다음은 eth2.
물론 기존의 nic가 없을경우는 상관이 없지만, 기존에 nic 이 있을 경우 이런식이다.
/etc/udev/rules.d/ 를 보면
70-persistent-net.rules 파일이 있는데,
이 파일을 열어 보면 nic 정보가 들어있다. (Centos6 기준)
이걸 보면 느낌이 오겠지만 기존 정보를 지우고 재부팅을 하면 원하는 eth로 사용을 할 수 있다.
CentOS 템플릿을 수정해야할 일이 생겼다.
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 볼륨파일 -O qcow2 템플릿파일
위와 같이 시도해봤으나 볼륨이 카피되는 것처럼 찝찝했다.
그래서 마운트해서 직접 파일시스템을 고쳐보기로...
하지만 LVM 에서 막혀버렸다... ㅠ
그리도 qcow2 는 qemu-nbd 라는 유틸리티를 이용해서 로드할 수 있는데, CentOS6 버전에서는 없다.
그래서 qcow2 를 raw로 변경해야 한다.
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 originImage.qcow2 -O raw image.raw
raw 로 바뀌었으면 이제 본격적으로 마운트를 시켜보자.
losetup /dev/loop0 image.raw
kpartx -a /dev/loop0
mkdir /mnt/image
mount /dev/mapper/loop0p2 /mnt/image
하지만.
"mount: unknown filesystem type 'LVM2_member'"
에러가 발생한다.
LVM이기 때문에 이렇게 마운트 할수가 없는 것이다.
[root@dev156 mnt]# lvmdiskscan
/dev/ram0 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/loop0 [ 8.00 GiB]
/dev/root [ 50.00 GiB]
/dev/ram1 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/vg_dev154/lv_swap [ 9.80 GiB]
/dev/ram2 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/sda2 [ 500.00 MiB]
/dev/vg_dev154/lv_home [ 871.22 GiB]
/dev/ram3 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/sda3 [ 931.02 GiB] LVM physical volume
/dev/vg_dev156/lv_swap [ 9.78 GiB]
/dev/ram4 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/vg_dev156/lv_home [ 871.22 GiB]
/dev/ram5 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/vg_dev156/lv_root [ 50.00 GiB]
/dev/ram6 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/ram7 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/mapper/loop0p2 [ 7.90 GiB] LVM physical volume
/dev/ram8 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 [ 6.88 GiB]
/dev/ram9 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 [ 1.00 GiB]
/dev/ram10 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/ram11 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/ram12 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/ram13 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/ram14 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/ram15 [ 16.00 MiB]
/dev/sdb1 [ 500.00 MiB]
/dev/sdb2 [ 931.02 GiB] LVM physical volume
6 disks
21 partitions
0 LVM physical volume whole disks
3 LVM physical volumes
LVM 볼륨이 보인다.
/dev/mapper/loop0p2 [ 7.90 GiB] LVM physical volume
lvdisplay와 vgdisplay를 확인해서 LV, VG 이름을 확인한다.
[root@dev156 mnt]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_dev154
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 931.02 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 238341
Alloc PE / Size 238341 / 931.02 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID Dully9-Bnix-hrHe-czD0-HfDK-pE60-wNLdmb
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 7.88 GiB
PE Size 32.00 MiB
Total PE 252
Alloc PE / Size 252 / 7.88 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 984Syc-oChm-BdAX-TKcD-l95D-JkTY-1FdH6M
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_dev156
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 931.00 GiB
PE Size 32.00 MiB
Total PE 29792
Alloc PE / Size 29792 / 931.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID zzp60Z-uCg8-2A6T-M6aU-LfBP-QXqx-U1SDpB
[root@dev156 mnt]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_dev154/lv_root
VG Name vg_dev154
LV UUID Qx338T-4L2V-mVsj-Idhd-MN0Y-zRM8-WXZBKK
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 50.00 GiB
Current LE 12800
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:0
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_dev154/lv_home
VG Name vg_dev154
LV UUID Ht9ZKI-0tUv-aYCr-hEjO-ArBT-VOaW-J2vcRM
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 871.22 GiB
Current LE 223033
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:2
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_dev154/lv_swap
VG Name vg_dev154
LV UUID 3pLedP-5ctg-1BVo-gSwA-Tbyg-V1gy-X5CaFP
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 1
LV Size 9.80 GiB
Current LE 2508
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:1
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID 8Yp1YF-dfjF-tg8n-JHNh-iYwL-PJqy-TRlOEz
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 6.88 GiB
Current LE 220
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:8
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01
VG Name VolGroup00
LV UUID Fd4zHI-S1sp-Xz20-KIuO-QaJJ-RQ1y-mbtIzW
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 1.00 GiB
Current LE 32
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:9
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_dev156/lv_swap
VG Name vg_dev156
LV UUID d6c20U-pQYM-xGfe-yER1-uSgF-wUYx-5OrboZ
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 9.78 GiB
Current LE 313
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:3
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_dev156/lv_home
VG Name vg_dev156
LV UUID V1jSbh-ZqZM-XOh7-PFCL-JqTN-jxuc-yoP6Sk
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 871.22 GiB
Current LE 27879
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:4
--- Logical volume ---
LV Name /dev/vg_dev156/lv_root
VG Name vg_dev156
LV UUID RpA6xx-qI6s-WhG6-ZEu8-DCiY-Uprz-C039Cz
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 50.00 GiB
Current LE 1600
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 256
Block device 253:5
[root@dev156 mnt]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_dev154
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 6
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 3
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 931.02 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 238341
Alloc PE / Size 238341 / 931.02 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID Dully9-Bnix-hrHe-czD0-HfDK-pE60-wNLdmb
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 3
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 2
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 7.88 GiB
PE Size 32.00 MiB
Total PE 252
Alloc PE / Size 252 / 7.88 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID 984Syc-oChm-BdAX-TKcD-l95D-JkTY-1FdH6M
--- Volume group ---
VG Name vg_dev156
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 4
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 3
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 931.00 GiB
PE Size 32.00 MiB
Total PE 29792
Alloc PE / Size 29792 / 931.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 0 / 0
VG UUID zzp60Z-uCg8-2A6T-M6aU-LfBP-QXqx-U1SDpB
mount /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /mnt/image
"mount: special device /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 does not exist"
에러가 발생했다...
그래서.
[root@dev156 mnt]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev154/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev154/lv_home' [871.22 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev154/lv_swap' [9.80 GiB] inherit
inactive '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00' [6.88 GiB] inherit
inactive '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01' [1.00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev156/lv_swap' [9.78 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev156/lv_home' [871.22 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev156/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
상태가 inactive가 되어있다.
active로 바꿔줘야한다.
[root@dev156 mnt]# modprobe dm-mod
[root@dev156 mnt]# vgchange -ay
[root@dev156 mnt]# lvscan
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev154/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev154/lv_home' [871.22 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev154/lv_swap' [9.80 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00' [6.88 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01' [1.00 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev156/lv_swap' [9.78 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev156/lv_home' [871.22 GiB] inherit
ACTIVE '/dev/vg_dev156/lv_root' [50.00 GiB] inherit
다시
mount /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 /mount/image
이제 마운트가 된다.
수정 후
raw 를 qcow2 다시 변환해주어야한다.
qemu-img convert -f qcow2 image.raw -O raw modifiedImage.qcow2
해제
#lvremove /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00
#lvremove /dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01
#kpartx -d /dev/loop0
#losetup -d /dev/loop0
참고
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4966213/changing-password-of-a-virtual-machine
http://pissedoffadmins.com/?p=481
계정알아보기
# fuser -cu /mnt/temp
해당 계정 종료
# fuser -ck /mnt/temp
Unmount
# umount /mnt/temp
-scanbus로 디바이스 정보 확인
[root@dev156 _home]# cdrecord -scanbus scsibus4: 4,0,0 400) 'ATAPI ' 'DVD A DH16ABS ' 'PS21' Removable CD-ROM 4,1,0 401) * 4,2,0 402) * 4,3,0 403) * 4,4,0 404) * 4,5,0 405) * 4,6,0 406) * 4,7,0 407) * ISO 파일로 CD굽기 [root@dev156 _home]# cdrecord -v -eject speed=4 dev=4,0,0 CentOS-6.2-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso
wodim: No write mode specified.
wodim: Asuming -tao mode.
wodim: Future versions of wodim may have different drive dependent defaults.
TOC Type: 1 = CD-ROM
scsidev: '4,0,0'
scsibus: 4 target: 0 lun: 0
WARNING: the deprecated pseudo SCSI syntax found as device specification.
Support for that may cease in the future versions of wodim. For now,
the device will be mapped to a block device file where possible.
Run "wodim --devices" for details.
Linux sg driver version: 3.5.27
Wodim version: 1.1.9
SCSI buffer size: 64512
Device type : Removable CD-ROM
Version : 5
Response Format: 2
Capabilities :
Vendor_info : 'ATAPI '
Identification : 'DVD A DH16ABS '
Revision : 'PS21'
Device seems to be: Generic mmc2 DVD-R/DVD-RW.
Current: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording)
Profile: 0x002B (DVD+R/DL)
Profile: 0x001B (DVD+R)
Profile: 0x001A (DVD+RW)
Profile: 0x0016 (DVD-R/DL layer jump recording)
Profile: 0x0015 (DVD-R/DL sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0014 (DVD-RW sequential recording)
Profile: 0x0013 (DVD-RW restricted overwrite)
Profile: 0x0012 (DVD-RAM)
Profile: 0x0011 (DVD-R sequential recording) (current)
Profile: 0x0010 (DVD-ROM)
Profile: 0x000A (CD-RW)
Profile: 0x0009 (CD-R)
Profile: 0x0008 (CD-ROM)
Profile: 0x0002 (Removable disk)
Using generic SCSI-3/mmc DVD-R(W) driver (mmc_mdvd).
Driver flags : SWABAUDIO BURNFREE
Supported modes: PACKET SAO
Drive buf size : 1177600 = 1150 KB
Beginning DMA speed test. Set CDR_NODMATEST environment variable if device
communication breaks or freezes immediately after that.
FIFO size : 4194304 = 4096 KB
Track 01: data 4218 MB
Total size: 4844 MB (479:56.41) = 2159731 sectors
Lout start: 4844 MB (479:58/31) = 2159731 sectors
Current Secsize: 2048
HINT: use dvd+rw-mediainfo from dvd+rw-tools for information extraction.
Blocks total: 2298496 Blocks current: 2298496 Blocks remaining: 138765
Speed set to 8310 KB/s
Starting to write CD/DVD at speed 6.0 in real unknown mode for single session.
Last chance to quit, starting real write in 0 seconds. Operation starts.
Waiting for reader process to fill input buffer ... input buffer ready.
Performing OPC...
Starting new track at sector: 0
Track 01: 4218 of 4218 MB written (fifo 100%) [buf 99%] 6.4x.
Track 01: Total bytes read/written: 4423129088/4423129088 (2159731 sectors).
Writing time: 560.568s
Average write speed 6.0x.
Min drive buffer fill was 57%
Fixating...
Fixating time: 14.648s
wodim: fifo had 69669 puts and 69669 gets.
wodim: fifo was 0 times empty and 25652 times full, min fill was 82%.
CD 데이타 지우기
[root@dev156 _home]# cdrecord -eject --dev=4,0,0 --blank=all
더욱 자세한 것은 여기로 ^^
http://realmind.tistory.com/entry/Linux-Shell%EC%97%90%EC%84%9C-CD-%EA%B5%BD%EA%B8%B0
# This is the init script for starting up the
# Jakarta Tomcat server
#
# chkconfig: 345 91 10
# description: Starts and stops the Tomcat daemon.
#
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Get config.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "${NETWORKING}" = "no" ] && exit 0
tomcat=/usr/local/tomcat6
startup=$tomcat/bin/startup.sh
shutdown=$tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat6; export CATALINA_HOME
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.6.0_29; export JAVA_HOME
start(){
echo -n $"Starting Tomcat service: "
#daemon -c
$startup
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
stop(){
action $"Stopping Tomcat service: " $shutdown
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
status(){
numproc=`ps -ef | grep catalina | grep -v "grep catalina" | wc -l`
if [ $numproc -gt 0 ]; then
echo "Tomcat is running..."
else
echo "Tomcat is stopped..."
fi
}
restart(){
stop
start
}
# See how we were called.
case "$1" in
start)
start
;;
stop)
stop
;;
status)
status
;;
restart)
restart
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
VNCSERVERS="1:root"
VNCSERVERARGS[1]="-geometry 1680x1050"
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 5901 -j ACCEPT
#vim ~/.vnc/xstartup
#twm & <- 주석처리 하고 GNOME 데스크탑이 실행될 수 있도록 아래 줄을 추가해준다.
gnome-session &
Open file /etc/sysconfig/iptables, enter:
# vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables
Add the following lines, ensuring that they appear before the final LOG and DROP lines for the RH-Firewall-1-INPUT:
-A RH-Firewall-1-INPUT -m state --state NEW -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT
Save and close the file. Restart firewall:
# service iptables restart
(출처 : Red Hat / CentOS VSFTPD FTP Server Configuration)
Anonymous 접속을 허락하지 않는다면,
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=NO
vnc-4_1_3-x86_win32_viewer.exe